Lake Michigan Ozone Study

The following information pertains to LMOS 2017:

Elevated spring and summertime ozone levels remain a challenge along the coast of Lake Michigan, with a number of monitors recording levels/amounts exceeding the 2015 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for ozone. The production of ozone over Lake Michigan, combined with onshore daytime “lake breeze” airflow is believed to increase ozone concentrations at locations within a few kilometers off shore. This observed lake-shore gradient motivated the Lake Michigan Ozone Study (LMOS). Conducted from May through June 2017, the goal of LMOS was to better understand ozone formation and transport around Lake Michigan; in particular, why ozone concentrations are generally highest along the lakeshore and drop off sharply inland and why ozone concentrations peak in rural areas far from major emission sources. LMOS was a collaborative, multi-agency field study that provided extensive observational air quality and meteorology datasets through a combination of airborne, ship, mobile laboratories, and fixed ground-based observational platforms. Chemical transport models (CTMs) and meteorological forecast tools assisted in planning for day-to-day measurement strategies. The long term goals of the LMOS field study were to improve modeled ozone forecasts for this region, better understand ozone formation and transport around Lake Michigan, provide a better understanding of the lakeshore gradient in ozone concentrations (which could influence how the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) addresses future regional ozone issues), and provide improved knowledge of how emissions influence ozone formation in the region.

DOI: 10.5067/SUBORBITAL/LMOS/DATA001

Disciplines:   Field Campaigns
Collection Disciplines Spatial Temporal
LMOS_AircraftInSitu_ScientificAviation_Data_1
LMOS Scientific Aviation In-Situ Data 		Tropospheric Composition Spatial Coverage:
(40, 45), (-90, -85)
Temporal Coverage:
2017-05-22 - 2017-06-24
Temporal Resolution:
Variable
LMOS_AircraftRemoteSensing_UC12_Data_1
LMOS UC-12 Aircraft Remote Sensing Data 		Field Campaigns Spatial Coverage:
(33, 45), (-120, -85)
Temporal Coverage:
2017-05-22 - 2017-06-29
LMOS_Ground_Grafton_Data_1
LMOS Grafton Ground Site Data 		Tropospheric Composition Spatial Coverage:
(-90, 90), (-90, 85)
Temporal Coverage:
2017-05-10 - 2017-06-21
LMOS_Ground_IEPA_Data_1
LMOS Illinois EPA (IEPA) Ground Site Data 		Tropospheric Composition,  Field Campaigns Spatial Coverage:
(40, 45.5), (-90, 95)
Temporal Coverage:
2017-05-30 - 2017-06-30
Temporal Resolution:
Variable
LMOS_Ground_Milwaukee_Data_1
LMOS Milwaukee Ground Site Data 		Tropospheric Composition Spatial Coverage:
(-90, 90), (-90, 85)
Temporal Coverage:
2017-05-10 - 2017-06-15
LMOS_Ground_SchillerPark_Data_1
LMOS Schiller Park Ground Site Data 		Tropospheric Composition,  Field Campaigns Spatial Coverage:
(40, 45), (-90, 90)
Temporal Coverage:
2017-05-22 - 2017-10-04
Temporal Resolution:
Variable
LMOS_Ground_Sheboygan_Data_1
LMOS Sheboygan Ground Site Data 		Tropospheric Composition Spatial Coverage:
(40, 45), (-90, 90)
Temporal Coverage:
2017-05-09 - 2017-06-22
LMOS_Ground_WDNRRoutine_Data_1
LMOS Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) Routine Ground Site Data 		Tropospheric Composition Spatial Coverage:
(40, 45), (-90, 88)
Temporal Coverage:
2017-05-22 - 2017-06-08
LMOS_Ground_Zion_Data_1
LMOS Zion Ground Site Data 		Aerosols,  Tropospheric Composition Spatial Coverage:
(40, 46), (-95, 95)
Temporal Coverage:
2017-05-16 - 2017-06-22
LMOS_MetNav_AircraftInSitu_UC12_Data_1
LMOS UC-12 In-Situ Meteorological and Navigational Data 		Field Campaigns Spatial Coverage:
(30, 45), (-119, -85)
Temporal Coverage:
2017-05-22 - 2017-06-28
Temporal Resolution:
Variable
LMOS_Miscellaneous_Data_1
LMOS Miscellaneous and Ancillary Data Products 		Clouds,  Radiation Budget Spatial Coverage:
(-90, 90), (-180, 180)
Temporal Coverage:
2017-01-01 - 2018-01-01
LMOS_TraceGas_ShipInSitu_Data_1
LMOS NOAA Research Vessel In-Situ Ozone Data 		Tropospheric Composition Spatial Coverage:
(40, 45), (-90, -85)
Temporal Coverage:
2017-06-02 - 2017-06-20
Temporal Resolution:
Variable
LMOS_TraceGas_SurfaceMobile_EPA-GMAP_Data_1
LMOS Surface Mobile EPA-GMAP Ozone Data 		Tropospheric Composition,  Field Campaigns Spatial Coverage:
(40, 45), (-90, -85)
Temporal Coverage:
2017-06-06 - 2017-06-13
Temporal Resolution:
Variable
LMOS_TraceGas_SurfaceMobile_UWEC-Auto_Data_1
LMOS Surface Mobile University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Ozone Data 		Tropospheric Composition,  Field Campaigns Spatial Coverage:
(40, 45), (-90, -85)
Temporal Coverage:
2017-06-02 - 2017-06-17
Temporal Resolution:
Variable

LMOS Citations

Wagner T J, Czarnetzki A C, Christiansen M, Pierce R B, Stanier C O, Dickens A F, and Eloranta E W (2022). Observations of the Development and Vertical Structure of the Lake-Breeze Circulation during the 2017 Lake Michigan Ozone Study. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 79 (4), 1005. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-20-0297.1


Cleary P A, Dickens A, McIlquham M, Sanchez M, Geib K, Hedberg C, Hupy J, Watson M W, Fuoco M, Olson E R, Pierce R B, Stanier C, Long R, Valin L, Conley S, and Smith M (2022). Impacts of lake breeze meteorology on ozone gradient observations along Lake Michigan shorelines in Wisconsin. Atmospheric Environment, 269 118834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118834


Stanier C O, Pierce R B, Abdi-Oskouei M, Adelman Z E, Al-Saadi J, Alwe H D, Bertram T H, Carmichael G R, Christiansen M B, Cleary P A, Czarnetzki A C, Dickens A F, Fuoco M A, Hughes D D, Hupy J P, Janz S J, Judd L M, Kenski D, Kowalewski M G, Long R W, Millet D B, Novak G, Roozitalab B, Shaw S L, Stone E A, Szykman J, Valin L, Vermeuel M, Wagner T J, Whitehill A R and Williams D J (2021). Overview of the Lake Michigan Ozone Study 2017. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0061.1


Doak A G, Christiansen M B, Alwe H D, Bertram T H, Carmichael G, Cleary P, Czarnetzki A C, Dickens A F, Janssen M, Kenski D, Millet D B, Novak G A, Pierce B R, Stone E A, Long R W, Vermeuel M P, Wagner T J, Valin L and Stanier C O (2021). Characterization of ground-based atmospheric pollution and meteorology sampling stations during the Lake Michigan Ozone Study 2017. Journal of Air and Waste Management Association, 71 (7), 866. https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2021.1900000


Hughes D D, Christiansen M B, Milani A, Vermeuel M P, Novak G A, Alwe H D, Dickens A F, Pierce R B, Millet D B, Bertram T H, Stanier C O and Stone E A (2020). PM2.5 chemistry, organosulfates, and secondary organic aerosol during the 2017 Lake Michigan Ozone Study. Atmospheric Environment, 244 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117939


McBride B A, Martins J V, Barbosa H M J, Birmingham W and Remer L A (2020). Spatial distribution of cloud droplet size properties from Airborne Hyper-Angular Rainbow Polarimeter (AirHARP) measurements. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 13 (4), 1777. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1777-2020


Abdi‐Oskouei M, Carmichael G, Christiansen M, Ferrada G, Roozitalab B, Sobhani N, Wade K, Czarnetzki A, Pierce R B, Wagner T and Stanier C (2020). Sensitivity of Meteorological Skill to Selection of WRF-Chem Physical Parameterizations and Impact on Ozone Prediction During the Lake Michigan Ozone Study (LMOS). Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 125 (5), https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD031971


Odman M T, White A T, Doty K, McNider R T, Pour-Biazar A, Qin M, Hu Y, Knipping E, Wu Y and Dornblaser B (2019). Examination of Nudging Schemes in the Simulation of Meteorology for Use in Air Quality Experiments: Application in the Great Lakes Region. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 58 (11), https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-18-0206.1


Vermeuel M P, Novak G A, Alwe H D, Hughes D D, Kaleel R, Dickens A F, Kenski D, Czarnetzki A C, Stone E A, Stanier C O, Pierce R B, Millet D B and Bertram T H (2019). Sensitivity of Ozone Production to NOx and VOC Along the Lake Michigan Coastline. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 124 (20), 10989. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD030842


Judd L M, Al-Saadi J A, Janz S J, Kowalewski M G, Pirece R B, Szykman J J, Valin L C, Swap R, Cede A, Mueller M, Tiefengraber M, Abuhassan N, and Williams D (2019). Evaluating the impact of spatial resolution on tropospheric NO2 column comparisons within urban areas using high-resolution airborne data. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 12 (11), https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2019-161


Atkinson J (2017). NASA Aids Study of Lake Michigan High-Ozone Events. Retrieved from https://www.nasa.gov/feature/langley/nasa-aids-study-of-lake-michigan-high-ozone-events


Ladd J (2017). Dr. Charles Stanier provides Lake Michigan Ozone Study update. Retrieved from https://iowaenvironmentalfocus.org/2017/03/09/dr-charles-stanier-provides-lake-michigan-ozone-study-update/


Avila L (2016). Lake Michigan Ozone Study 2017: Collaborative field campaign will pursue sources and transport of ozone. Retrieved from https://www.ssec.wisc.edu/news/articles/9012